Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
Background
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: AGS; Pseudo-TORCH syndrome; microcephaly-intracranial calcification syndrome (MICS); Cree encephalitis
In 1984, Jean Aicardi and Françoise Goutières, two French paediatric neurologists, described an early onset genetic brain disorder mimicking the features of viral infections affecting a child in the womb. Clinical indicators of the disease include:
Four different genes (see table) have been identified that, when damaged by a mutation, can cause AGS. Only one gene is involved in any one family.
| Gene | Chromosome Position | Other names | Percentage of families with mutations |
|---|---|---|---|
| AGS1 | 3 | TREX1/DNaseIII | 35% |
| AGS2 | 13 | RNASEH2B/FLJ11712 | 45% |
| AGS3 | 11 | RNASEH2C/AYP1 | 15% |
| AGS4 | 19 | RNASEH2A | <5% |