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Facial Difference
Background
Facial disfigurement can have many causes including road accidents, burns, cancer, skin conditions, birthmarks and other congenital anomalies. Amongst congenital causes are a number of specific syndromes which include some form of facial abnormality as a characteristic feature of the condition. Facial disfigurement in varying degree may be a feature of chromosome abnormalities. Additionally, some genetic enzyme deficiency diseases result in facial abnormalities.
Examples of specific syndromes are Sturge-Weber syndrome where the disfigurement is in the form of a port wine stain; hemifacial microsomia (Goldenhar syndrome) where there is underdevelopment of one side of the face. Cri du Chat syndrome is a chromosome (5p-) abnormality, which includes facial asymmetry and poorly-formed ears. In Treacher-Collins syndrome malformations may include cheekbones, chin, jaw and temples, while ears may be malformed or absent.
