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Lung diseases
Background
The main role of the lungs is to transfer oxygen from the air into the blood and extract carbon dioxide from the blood to exhale from the body. These processes can be affected in numerous different ways with the common endpoints of difficulty in breathing and the effects of low blood oxygen. Lung diseases may be congenital, due to abnormal lung development before birth (eg congenital thoracic malformations or tracheal abnormalities), inherited (eg cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia or acquired (eg chronic lung disease of prematurity).
