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Nephrotic syndrome
Background
Nephrotic syndrome is a serious kidney disorder where protein leaks into urine. Kidneys contain a large number of nephrons, the filtering elements that remove waste materials and fluid from the body. Nephrotic syndrome occurs when the filtering elements malfunction and allow large amounts of protein to leak into the urine. Normally, little or no protein appears in the urine. If there is excessive protein leaking into the urine, the protein in the blood is depleted and the liver has difficulty in replacing it quickly. The function of protein in blood is to retain its thickness and to draw water from the tissues. This process is needed to prevent the build up of fluid in the tissue spaces which can lead to infection.
The syndrome is slightly more likely to affect males than females.
Congenital Nephrotic syndrome is very rare and symptoms will manifest in the first few weeks or months of life.
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