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Background
Arterial calcification of infancy (ACI) is a very rare condition which was first described in 1901. Since this time, only a very small number of infants (approximately one hundred worldwide) have been reported with this condition. The features associated with ACI typically include heart failure, high blood pressure (hypertension), and failure to thrive. These features vary, with each infant being differently affected by the severity of their symptoms.
ACI is characterised by deposits of calcium in large and medium-sized artery walls, and soft tissues. Calcification has been noted particularly in the coronary arteries. Calcium deposits may interfere with blood flow by partly or completely obstructing blood vessels and depriving tissues and organs, particularly the heart, of oxygen and nutrition.
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