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Kidney disease
What are the causes?
Causes of kidney failure in children include:
In cystic kidney disease fluid filled sacs, or cysts, develop in the kidney, interfering with normal kidney function. The commonest form is adult polycystic disease, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant. It is a common cause of kidney failure in adults, but cysts rarely cause problems in childhood. In autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease cysts can develop before birth, leading to kidney failure in infants and children. The condition may be associated with liver problems.
Glomerulonephritis describes inflammation of the glomeruli, or filters of the kidney. Often the cause or trigger is unknown. In haemolytic uraemic syndrome damage to the kidneys often follows infection with a bacterium called Escherichia coli.
Nephrotic syndrome in children is usually caused by a condition known as minimal change disease, so called because there is little abnormal to see if you look at a kidney biopsy from an affected child under the microscope. It is associated with leakage of protein into the urine, but does not affect the other functions of the kidney, and so does not cause kidney failure. It usually responds to treatment with steroids.
What are the symptoms?
| How is it treated? 
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