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Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
What are the symptoms?
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus has a classic presentation pattern with dementia, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence. This is also know as Hakim's triad. The gait disturbance in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus most commonly appears first, prior to any dementia or incontinence. Characteristically the gait can be wide based with short and shuffling steps and in particular unsteadiness when making turns. The dementia is primarily of a memory impairment pattern and there is slowness of thought and movement as well. Urinary incontinence is usually the last to appear in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus but it must be remembered that any demented patient can have urinary incontinence.
Background
| What are the causes? 
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